You should review textbook and course notes for WWI and then outline your answer to the following paper three question from a previous IB exam for Section 13: Europe and the First World War (1871-1918)
26. Compare and contrast the impact of the First World War on the civilian populations in two countries up to 1918.
As an outline should follow standard format standards. See outlining guidelines for paper work on google classroom.
Your outline is due - Wednesday February 8th.
The two countries I chose are The Netherlands and Belgium
ReplyDeleteThe Netherlands:
-Damage of landscape: None
-Social impact: They risked it all for neutrality and would make sure that no matter what they could stay neutral
-How minorities were effected: not enough info
-Economic impact: Had to make a lot of compromises and had to survive in the war, making deals with both sides to survive. Many people were unemployed and it was poverty.
Belgium:
-Damage of landscape: bad things
-Social impact: bad things
-How minorities were effected: bad things
-Economic impact: bad things
I like your organization and how for each country you compared and contrasted the same impacts on its citizens. I think an improvement could be adding a few more specific examples for each point.
DeleteI like how you broke it down into simple components (damage of landscape, social impact, etc). However, perhaps be more descriptive (in few words) about why that component is bad.
DeleteTaryn Fortna
DeleteThe way that the outline is structured with the same ideas under each country is good, especially for a comparison paper
It would be more effective if your points were more specific, especially for Belgium
Compare and contrast the impact of the First World War on the civilian populations in two countries up to 1918.
ReplyDeleteIntro:
Access to specific resource, rationing, food shortages, medicine shortages
Conscription and civilian populations, changes in the number of men in populations
Examination of Russia and England
Paragraph 1: Russia
Following Russian Revolutions, widespread famine causing large numbers of deaths
New governmental structure made it difficult for civilians
At beginning, large conscriptions of almost every eligible man
Led to diminished population
Left the war
Paragraph 2: England
Slower to come into war
Food shortages because of disrupted supply chains had large effect on public]
Lots of rationing
Disruption of homes, refugees were abundant
Conscription introduced in 1916
Paragraph 3: Alternative Interpretations
Very different societies
Changed how the civilians were impacted on each
Loss of life in Russia much larger than in England
More famine in Russia
Russia left the war
Conclusion
Affected both countries in large way
Civilians affected in similar ways
Scale of effect was different for each country
Overall governmental structure and country response changed how civilians were affected
Hannah Vogel
DeleteI think your inclusion of an "alternate interpretations" paragraph is very clever and a good way to reconnect the separate countries. I trust you but I am wondering why the rationing/food shortage/resources info is in the introduction, unless the specific examples really do end up in their respective paragraphs.
I appreciate the finding of similarities when it came to the effect of conscription on civilians. For Russia, I would like to see more on how it effected everyday citizens rather than focusing primarily on the government's response. You already addressed food shortages in your introduction so maybe go into more depth?
DeleteParagraph #1:
ReplyDeleteThesis explaining Germany’s civilian population and the impact of the war socially
Thesis explaining United State civilian population and the impact of the war socially
Compare and contrast of civilian populations ( social perspective )
WHAT TO DISCUSS:
Role of women ( Both )
Job opportunities ( Both )
Paragraph #2:
Thesis explaining Germany’s civilian population and the impact of the war economically
Thesis explaining United States civilian population and the impact of the war economically
Compare and contrast of civilian populations (political perspective)
Drafting of civilians ( Both )
Propaganda ( Both )
Created a stage for women to vote (United States)
Instigated the desire to achieve white supremacy (Germany)
Paragraph #3:
Thesis explaining Germany’s civilian population and the impact of the war politically
Thesis explaining United States civilian population and the impact of the war politically
Compare and contrast of civilian populations ( economic perspective )
Agricultural impacts
Supply shortages
Reduction of industrial employment/ recession ( United States )
Vy Phan
DeleteI would really love more information on how the effects on civilian populations in the United States set up a stage for women to vote and the propaganda that was done in both countries in their regard of each other. Was the instigation of the desire to achieve white supremacy in Germany also something that was shared with the US?
I think the direction that this argument is going in, but I think that talking more about the effect it had on everyday citizens may be talking about the stages of the war and how that caused german people to be less likely to rebel. I think that could be an interesting argument. I would also talk about how each country's sense of nationality impacted the civilian populations.
DeleteI see an argument forming in this but, I'd really like to know more details about the propaganda that was carried out in both nations towards one another.
DeleteI think you have organized your ideas well and have an argument forming, I think more information on the impact on the civilian population would be beneficial to your argument.
DeleteThesis/Intro:
ReplyDeleteWWI was a total war that affected the civilian populations of Russia and Britain far more than prior wars. All groups of the civilian population were involved in fighting, with women playing a greater role in the workforce than ever before. The civilians of both nations had to adapt to the war and economy, along with suffering from devastation thanks to modern weaponry. However, political infighting in Russia made the war effort far less unified than that in Britain.
Country 1: Russia
Context: Tsar Nicholas II was a very unpopular Tsar, and the general sentiment in Russia among revolutionaries was that the monarchy should be abolished. Russia embarrassingly lost in 1905 during the Russo-Japanese The Bolsheviks were anti-war, and wanted Russia’s involvement in the war to end.
Similarities:
- Inflation and the national debt dramatically increased
- Food and material shortages were common, and City Dumas established a rationing system in 1916
- The war evoked nationalism among the Russian people
- Military Industrial Committees established in May, 1915 → reorganized and enlisted the help of private companies to boost industrial manufacturing for the war
- In early 1917, Russian women went on strike → helped start the Russian Revolution
- Russian Women’s Batallion of Death → 2,000 women drafted as a last-minute effort to boost army morale
Differences:
- Political crisis → By 1915, Nicholas II refused to listen to the representatives of Zemstvos regarding the war, and the attitude quickly changed. After this, police heavily restricted the actions of these reformists
- Between February and October 1917, between the two revolutions, this political conflict cooled down somewhat
- Not all Russians were cooperative with rationing, and some Russians refused to sell their grain to the state. This only worsened food shortages
- German zeppelins never attacked Russian civilians
Country 2: Britain
Context: Britain was allied with France and Belgium, and devoted to maintaining the neutrality of Belgium and the sovereignty of France. They didn’t want Germany to occupy parts of Western Europe, threatening their country.
Similarities:
- Food and material shortages were common, and Britain established a rationing system in 1918
- Hyperinflation was present during the war, and crippled the economy. The national debt dramatically increased to 1.3x the GDP of Britain
- The war evoked nationalism among the British people
- Conscription
- The government established state-owned facilities for the manufacturing of weapons and other war materials → much of general manufacturing shifted toward the war effort
- Women transferred from the textile and domestic service industries to manufacturing and farming
- Many farmers and factory workers were conscripted or voluntarily signed up for service, so women had to fill in their spots
Differences:
- While there was some political discontent among the Liberals, in general the government was able to cooperate and implement measures such as food rationing and conscription. There was no revolution
- The British public were very cooperative with rationing, and adapted through food shortages caused by German blockades
- The British had to suffer through air raids (German zeppelins)
I like the structure of your outline- you added some elements about Russia and Britain for context along with the similarities and differences. Perhaps try consolidating the information to be more like: intro, Russia and Britain context, similarities, differences, and conclusion as some of the information is a bit redundant.
DeleteWonderful outline, I appreciate how descriptive you are and how all of your information remains in the time restriction of the question...The role of women in between Britian and Russia stood out to me, did you notice any differences betweens women's roles in the two countries? Investigating contrasting ideas between the role of women could be valuable... Great job overall :)
DeleteIn order to improve my outline, I would consolidate some information that was repetitive and consider how I could rearrange the content to be more concise. For example, it would be better if I directly compared similarities of the countries between each other rather than putting them in 2 different paragraphs. I also think I should evaluate the role of women in WWI more, because I only barely mentioned it at the end of my paragraph and didn't discuss it any deeper.
Delete
ReplyDeleteThe countries of Germany and Britain both experienced significant impacts on their civilian populations during the First World War including food shortages, poverty, and social changes.
Food shortages were common across Europe during the First World War, both Germany and Britain were heavily affected by this.
Germany depended on imports for about a third of their food supply as well as agricultural supplies. These imports were stopped when the British Navy put a blockade in place in November 1914. Germany had to become dependent on its own farming supplies but it wasn’t enough to sustain the country
The German government insisted that there was enough food for its citizens, but began to provision food. By the winter of 1916/1917, the food shortages hit their worst.
When the unrestricted submarine warfare began in 1916, Britain began feeling the effects of the food shortages that had been plaguing its rivals. Some of the measures the government took was food rationing after trying to get its citizens to voluntarily stop taking as much food. The rationing ensured that food supply was conserved, it was distributed equally, and controlled possible increase of prices.
The wheat harvest of 1916 was lower than usual and the potato crops in parts of England failed. This led to even lower amounts of food then would be expected in war time.
Both of these countries experienced shortages of food to the point where they had to ration it to avoid large amounts of starvation in their populations. However, Germany experienced these shortages to a greater extent as other countries started trade blockades on them as early as 1914. And Britain truly started experiencing food shortages towards the end of the war in 1916 and 1917.
The economy took a hit during the war years and these economic damages trickled down and caused severe poverty in the working class populations of both Germany and Britian.
During WWI, Britain experienced almost constant inflation and rising costs of living. Its citizens were not receiving wages that could keep up with these rising costs. In fact, the average wage of a working class Brit dropped. Due to many men being off on the front lines, women had to take over the jobs.
Germany had an increase in workers wages but they still weren’t able to keep up with rising cost of living. As increased wages meant an increase in production costs, still causing the disparity between income and expenses. There was a stark difference between how the upper class and working class were doing during the war.
Both countries dealt with the growing amount of citizens living under the poverty line and neither were able to fix this during the war years. However, Germany attempted to fix this by raising wages, but it had the opposite effect. Rationing helped Britain but it wasn’t enough to combat the cost of rent and other expenses.
Social changes
During the war, the role of women in Britain changed dramatically. They were more visible in the workforce. They were now doctors and nurses, as well as factory workers. All of these jobs had originally belonged to men before they were drafted to fight.
The war promoted more social equality. Women were dressing more how they liked. The gap between the rich and poor was growing smaller.
In Germany, the percentage of women in the workforce increased to 37%. However, the war led to great social unrest and distrust in their government. The citizens of Germany were upset over the amount of young men dying on the frontlines. There was also a growing income inequality gap between the rich and the poor.
Clearly, Germany experienced the most negatively impactful social changes of the two countries. But both countries saw an increase in women's presence in their economies and countries.
The First World War had a greater impact on the civilian population of Germany than it did Britain. This is due to Germany undergoing some of the worst food shortages of the war. In the years following, the war would have the longest lasting impacts on Germany and its people.
Taryn Fortna
DeleteThe information is accurate, well structured, and well chosen. Overall, the comparisons and differences are appropriate and well written.
It’s not in outline form!!
Overall the content is good but I think you can focus more on the people and how it effects them right now it seems to be more superficial in regards to the civillians. You can talk about propoganda and what lives became like to make it realate more to the question.
DeleteI would add more details on the immediate effects on the citizens. Like Ashlyn said, writing more about life and propaganda would make it relate more to the question.
DeleteIntro:
ReplyDeleteMany countries faced similar situations in the aftermath of WWI. Civilian populations were significantly impacted especially in Germany and Russia.
Germany:
--women were taking on new roles
-Women took up some of the jobs that were available after the men left for war
-provision of food and they thought that there was enough food
Russia:
-2,000 women drafted to boost morale
-began rations
in 1916
Comparison:
Civilians from both countries faced similar changes/challenges:
-significant decrease in population due to the men that were conscripted
-food shortages
Conclusion:
-civilians faced similar changes/challenges
-some countries took different courses of action
I enjoy how answered this question by investigating the roles of women in Germany and Russia! I am feeling confused on where your comparison and contrasting paragraphs are... I only see comparisons...
DeleteRylee Berger
DeleteWas in outline form which was great! However I would have one paragraph for comparison between Germany and Russia and another for the differences between the two instead of one about Germany, another about Russia, and then comparisons just from a structural standpoint.
In order to improve my outline, I would provide information that is more clear. Now that I look back on my work, there are aspects that I no longer understand because it is not detailed. I would also include a descriptive introduction paragraph so that I can properly set up the rest of my own writing. However, I do like the breakdown of each components. It is easy to see what each body paragraph would look like as a result.
DeleteTwo countries: India and Canada
ReplyDeleteThesis – Although both India and Canada suffered tens of thousands of casualties as a result of WW1, both countries were ultimately improved by its overall impact.
India’s civilian morale and sense of national pride were improved by the war.
Improved citizen rights in Canada.
India’s morale improved
British Empire was no longer “indestructible” in the eyes of India, raising the confidence of Indians in their country.
The Rowlatt Act promoted national consciousness and eventually led to the creation of the Non-Cooperation movement.
Canada had an improvement in human rights
Women gained the right to vote
Labor rights were improved as well as workers wages
Canadians fought back against governmental corruption
Allies and nonbelligerents won which overall promoted their position on the international stage and proved the power of their countries/military forces.
Some may claim that because these forces were not at the forefront of allied efforts, they could not stand to gain such great benefits.
Challenges claim by suggesting that the extent to which these countries were affected is not aligned with the significance of their presence in the global context of the war
India suffered 64,449 combat deaths
Canada suffered 56,638 combat deaths
These numbers are insignificant compared to the millions that died for France, Russia, and England (combined is potentially over 3 million)
However, this claim does not adequately challenge the thesis because it fails to address the domestic affairs of these countries. Furthermore, combat deaths are not placed in proportion to the population of the respective countries.
In summation, although India and Canada are over 10,000 km apart, the two countries benefitted significantly from the war in the effects shouldered by the citizens that ultimately improved their lives and primed them to continue growing as a global power.
I really appreciate the counterclaim you included, because it was very well developed and you evaluated both sides of it. I also liked that you chose India and Canada, which were more unique countries than I had thought of. I would be interested in learning more about specifically how the war caused these changes in labor laws/women's rights.
DeleteRylee Berger
DeleteGreat information but a bit unclear on the similarities and differences between the two. It also wasn't in outline form which made it a bit difficult to read and follow.
Intro:
ReplyDeleteWhile the first World War had a large impact on both the British and German Civilian populations, the German home front saw more changes cause by the war
Paragraph 1:
Revolution due to starvation and a war-weary population caused the government to be abolished and reformed
- In Germany, worker strikes began in 1917 due to war weariness and upset over the difficult hours and lack of food. Revolts slowly spread through country until 1918. Kaiser abdicated and republic was formed
- Irish protested against British rule in 1916 with the Easter Revolution. Not a large problem however during war, did not cause major changes until after 1918
Paragraph 2:
Blockades caused widespread starvation solely in Germany
- 1915- Britain blocked all supplies from being imported into Germany, who imported about ⅓ of their food. Beginning of country-wide rationing dependent on difficulty of work and family needs
- German attacks on British submarines did not cause enough damage to threaten food supply.
Paragraph 3:
British faced threat of bombings from German Zeppelins and other airships, which was retaliated against with British bombings.
- Germans had the most well known bombing campaign of the war, causing fears in British citizens and slowing the industrial output of necessary material.
- Germany’s bombings were largely inaccurate and did not occur with much frequency. Often, bombings were often miles off-target and caused little death or destruction. British also bombed some German cities, although they occurred with even less frequency than the German bombings.
Conclusion:
Considering the increased difficulties the German people faced, with widespread starvation, and the consequences of the failures of the homefront, the impact of WWI was much more extreme on the German population than on the British. Although the British did face many problems, such as bombings and a loss of their main workforce, many of these problems were not unique to Britain and were faced in Germany
I really like how your organized your outline, the paragraph topics all make sense and include good examples from both countries. I would be interested to hear a little more about how British civilians had to adapt at home, because I know that they also had some food shortages and rationing
DeleteHannah Vogel
DeleteThis feels very thorough and well planned, and like it could very easily be turned from an outline into an essay. I am wondering if it might be better to more clearly separate the paragraphs into one country each but if your format works better for comparing and contrasting that's also cool.
Introduction:
ReplyDeleteCivilian population impact included conscription, shortages, etc.
Thesis: Both the Russian and German civilian populations suffered because of the First World War, but the German population suffered worse
Paragraph 1: Russia
Mass conscriptions severely diminished the population
Almost every man that could fight was pulled away to do so
There were mass food shortages and widespread famine
A vast amount of people died of hunger (~500,000)
The Russian Revolution occurred in 1917 while the war was still happening
The combination meant that the government structure was undergoing great changes in a time when a stable government was needed
There was great political disruption, etc.
Paragraph 2: Germany
The mobilization orders brought ¼ million people into the war
Families lost ½ of their earning power when unskilled men went off to war and ⅔ of their earning power when skilled men left
There were mass food shortages and food riots (~700,000 dead)
There was a mass meat shortage, so they slaughtered the milk cows, but then there was no milk for infants
What had been used as horse fodder was now the main German sustenance
85% ash was found in one of the egg and sausage substitutes
The suffering was spread unequally across classes; the wealthy could afford to supplement their rations but the lower classes had to make do with ⅓ of what they were used to eating
Paragraph 3: Compare/Contrast
Both countries had mobilization/conscription that diminished population and took earning power away from families
Both countries had famines/food shortages that killed many civilians and worsened the lives of the rest
Loss of life was greater for Germany than for Russia
Conclusion:
Both countries were severely impacted
Impact on civilians took very similar forms (conscription, famine)
Germany’s suffering was worse (greater loss of life, etc.)
You did a good job of comparing and contrasting in your third point. The impacts you wrote about spanned both countries. I would recommend to compare and contrast throughout your outline and not just at the end.
DeleteI think you went into a lot of detail, which is really great and demonstrates that you are knowledgeable about the subject. I think you should expand on the part about the Russian Revolution and draw more obvious parallels to Germany because this point seems to be really important and goes against your thesis statement. Maybe add info about the changes in German Gov as well?
DeleteI would go back and improve on my original outline by expanding on the impact of the Russian Revolution on the Russian population, as well as adding information on the German government structure/changes to parallel the existing information on the Russian Revolution/government. Additionally, I would add more information on the restricted freedoms of populations and nationalist feelings in both countries to supplement my existing discussion of the disruption of daily life and the economic impact.
DeleteCompare and contrast the impact of the First World War on the civilian populations in two countries up to 1918.
ReplyDeleteIntro
-Short intro to countries being discussed: United States and Austria-Hungary
-Briefly highlight similarities
Paragraph #1: Austria-Hungary
-Multi-ethnic state: struggled to keep a united front, among rising nationalism from groups within the empire
-Struggled with food shortages among civilians, the government often opted to ration to soldiers instead of the general population
-Propaganda and suppression of the media: in order to keep a united front and war effort the Austria-Hungarian government suppressed oppositional rhetoric and used heavy, almost constant propaganda to influence it's citizens
Paragraph #2:United States
-isolationist mindset prior to joining the war
-conscription
-use of propaganda to encourage patriotism and to assist in the war effort
-women were encouraged to join the workforce, to keep up with industrial commands and lack of male workers due to conscription
-opposition to war, and suppression of opposition
Paragraph #3: Similarities/Differences
-Use of propaganda and their differing tactics and results
-response to opposition
Paragraph #4:Conclusion
-Political effects on both countries
-Casualties/effect on homefront morale
Vy Phan
DeleteIn Austria - Hungary it was very interesting to read about the use of propaganda and suppression of the media to keep a strong war effort among its citizens. I'd love to know which specific forms of propaganda were used and which specific forms of "oppositional rhetoric" the government deemed harmful to their war efforts.
I think the aspects of civilian life you choose to focus on were very interesting and fit well with the topic. I liked that you talked about propaganda for both countries and my suggestion would be to continue this throughout the paper as it would set you up for more logical comparisons. For example, you could discuss life for women in Austria-Hungary in addition to the United States for a more direct, clear-cut comparison. Great job!
DeleteKatherine McGarrity
DeleteThe use of the words "isolationist mindset" was a really good way to allow readers to understand what the view of the US was prior to the war. I would dive deeper into the role of women in the US, and how it differs in Austria-Hungary. Good outline!
INTRO: The First World War killed around 10 million civilians in total, but affected many more. There was very little regard for civilians in general, leading to these horrific impacts.
ReplyDeleteThesis: Throughout World War 1, civilians in France and Austria-Hungary were affected similarly in the reasons for civilian deaths, but the use of civilians differed between these nations.
BP1 - France
Civilians faced severe famine and disease. 600,000 civilian casualties total.
Bombing raids from the war greatly affected civilians in France.
Civilian governments exercised control over the military.
2 million French citizens had to flee their homes to escape the violence occurring.
BP2 - Austria-Hungary
The main cause of civilian death, similar to France, was famine and disease. This was largely due to agricultural production in the empire declining due to the war. Less died however with only 45,000 civilian casualties.
Civilians were alienated from the government due to harsh living conditions and absolutist measures that led to protests.
Civilians had no control over the military in terms of governmental structure.
CONCLUSION
While both nations experienced significant impact to their civilians, French civilians had more severe impacts despite the fact that they had more control over their military than the citizens in Austria Hungary.
Daniel Lamey
DeleteCommendation: You did a good job on outlining paragraphs that stayed relevant to the intro and supported the thesis. Recommendation: Including a counter perspective about how the civilians were able to overcome and adapt to some of the tragedies.
The question requires that candidates give an account of the similarities and differences of the impact of the First World War on the civilian populations in two countries up to 1918, referring to both throughout. Candidates may refer to similar experiences of citizens in terms of their rights and freedoms being curbed due to government policies. Candidates may refer to citizens being exposed to intense nationalist feeling and euphoria early on. Candidates may refer to different levels of intensity and disruption of daily life across social, economic or political factors. Candidates may refer to the impact varying for urban and rural populations. Candidates may refer to similarities or differences in terms of economic mobilization and impact. Both similarities and differences must be clearly indicated but there does not need to be an equal focus on each.
DeleteUsing this Mark Scheme, I can clearly see that I was able to note specific ideas that they were looking for (relationship between civilians and government and economic situation). In a true Paper 3, I need to go more in depth and explain further the actual similarities and differences. In my opinion, this can best be accomplished with 2-4 paragraphs with half similarities and half differences. This will have better flow and more effectively answer the question in a manner likely to merit high marks.
Thesis – The first world war had immense impacts on the civilians of all the countries that were involved. A deeper understanding of the impact of WW1 on the civilians of the United States and Germany.
ReplyDeleteThe roles of women and men in each country changed with the immersion of WW1
The economic situation of each country also changed due to the impact of WW1
Similarities of the civilian population between the US and Germany during World War 1
Both Germany and the United States drafted men for the war. The united states drafted men between the ages of 21 and 31, the draftees made up nearly 3/4s of the army. In Germany had a very efficient army and required conscription.
Both America and Germany treated groups of minorities unequally and it was worsened due to the war. Germany marked those of different religions, sexualities, and even if they had disabilities. People were put in concentration camps and treated very poorly, etc. In America, although many steps for women's rights were made in WW1 other groups faced threats, intimidation, incarceration, and physical violence directed toward them. Such as German Americans, labor organizers, suffragists, immigrants, African-Americans, and socialists.
Differences in the civilian population between the US and Germany during World War 1
The casualties of civilians within the United States were just a slight fraction of the civilian casualties that Germany experienced. This was due to the nature of the war along with the geographic factors of where the fighting occurred. Wars are very expensive to fight due to this countries often use everything they have to pursue winning the war. Additionally, countries fighting wars often halt the transportation of goods to rival counties in an attempt to weaken this. The German civilization experienced food shortages to such a large extent due to material blockades, as well as the use of resources for war, that they experienced a very large number of casualties. The United States did not experience civilian casualties anywhere near this extent because they waited to involve themselves in the war and had a very stable economy.
After the United States involved itself with World War 1 the job opportunities for women expanded greatly. Their role changed from being mainly housewives to taking on roles such as ammunition testers, switchboard operators, and stock takers. They did dangerous roles and safe jobs whatever was needed. However, in Germany, compared to other war-torn nations, Germany saw much fewer women enter the workforce. Trade union pressure, which feared that women would undercut men's jobs, was a major factor in this.
Conclusion:
German civilians faced much more suffering than American citizens. Although nowhere that is part of a war would be ideal to be during a war citizen life was much better for the larger population in the United States due to a more stable economy and slightly less direct involvement for a span of the war.
Your information throughout this outline is great. There are many great distinctions showing how Germany and the US had different experiences, but you also squeeze in those similarities that tie the ideas together nicely. The only critique I have is your information is bunched, try and make it clear to the reader.
DeleteIntroduction:
ReplyDeleteArmy conscription
Resource disparity
Death toll
Amount of resource contributions
Body Paragraph #1: Bulgaria: Bulgaria struggled economically due to the size of their country and distribution of their population but were able to come out relatively intact due to strong government structure.
Remained initially neutral as they attempted to recover from previous wars
Started to experience pressure from the Allied and Central Powers to assist/ join the war
Stalemate of the war combined with tense relationship with Serbia caused entry into war
Army conscription from 20 years old to 40 years old
Struggled to provide ammunition due to a lack of resources
Had a mostly rural population and was not industrialized causing economic hardship
Leadership helped to adequately prepare the country for war along with propaganda
Lost a large portion of population
Body Paragraph #2: Poland: Poland suffered enormous losses in terms of their population.
Polish civilians were forced into labor camps in Germany
Scorched earth policy of the war left a good portion of Poland inhabitable
People began to live off grass
Famine caused disease and mortality rates to dramatically increase
450,000 Polish soldiers dead
2 million soldiers conscripted into the army
Body Paragraph #3: Connections Between the Two Countries (Continuation in Conclusion)
Both suffered in the war
Poland entered the war earlier than Bulgaria
Poland lost more of their population
Bulgaria could not contribute as much as Poland in the war and therefore did not have as many hard losses
Both countries had to conscript the majority of their populations.
Bulgaria had a good monarchical system that allowed mobilization for war and adequate utilization of propaganda
Conclusion:
Both countries made sacrifices
Poland suffered enormous losses and was struggled to recover in the same was as Bulgaria
Bulgaria joined the war late and therefore did not make as many sacrifices
Polish population was directly targeted
I like your organization, particularly with the third paragraph designated as connections. You have some good points and comparisons! My one suggestion would be to more clearly designate a thesis in your introduction paragraph; pick an argument and use your compare/contrast details to prove it. Nice outline!
DeleteKatherine McGarrity
DeleteI really like how you connected the two countries, I think that makes the whole thing flow better and it gives a sense of completion when a reader is able to come full circle. My suggestion would be to clearly state what you are arguing at the very beginning. You have the evidence, all that's left is to state what you are trying to prove! Great job!!
I think you did a good job structuring your arguments, and connecting your evidence to your claims. I would suggest more clearly defining your thesis.
DeleteThe central piece of feedback I received on my outline was to create a more clearly defined thesis. Based on this feedback, a potential thesis statement/ sample section of an introduction I could use would be: World War I posed large scale problems for both Poland and Bulgaria but the two countries suffered in different ways with Bulgaria’s problems being primarily contained to economic while Poland’s suffering ran much deeper, a difference which can largely be attributed to the scale of population loss.
DeleteCompare and Contrast the civilian impact of WW1 for two different nations in European
ReplyDeleteNations:
Germany
France
Hook: For many nations in World War One, the true loss of life wasn’t in the soldier on the front, but in the grandmothers back home who starved due to rationing, famine, and shortages.
Thesis: The French and German homefronts had drastically different experiences of WW1, showcasing the contrasts between the war on the production front and the sheer destruction modern war could bring to a territory.
Paragraph 1: Germany faced far more shortages and blockades
In 1914 the British Royal Navy began to blockade Germany, at first only stopping military equipment, but then halting the flow of foodstuffs and medicine into the country.
France received a consistent stream of credit from the United States to fund its war effort (up to 1.9 billion dollars) and had a vast colonial empire to draw resources from
There were multiple food riots across the German Empire as many faced severe rationing, being forced to eat potato-based bread products and even horsemeat.
While major metropolitan areas like Paris did see some food shortages, this only ever amounted to an increase in the price of meat and fresh produce, never the near famine-like conditions Germany experienced.
Paragraph 2: Both nations saw massive mobilization
Both the Germans and the French saw a truly massive mobilization of their populace. By the end of the war, as many as 8 million Frenchmen and 11 million Germans had been mobilized.
This forced many women into the industrial workforce in order to make up for the deficits in the labor market.
Both nations saw a massive production shift towards munitions and arms, completely sidelining the production of civilian goods.
Paragraph 3: The destruction of the French Homefront.
The French homefront saw far more destruction than the German homefront, with major battles like Verdun (on ne passe pas!), the Marne, and the Somme.
Leading to about 2 million French citizens being forced to leave their homes.
This is in contrast to the Germans, who didn’t see a single entente soldier set foot on their soil.
This precipitated a mass destruction of French property and Industry, with 1,857 sq. miles of forests, 8,000 sq. miles of farmland, 300,000 houses, 6,000 factories, 1,500 schools, and 1,200 churches being destroyed, along with 1.3 million livestock being killed.
Comparatively little damage was done to German industry or property, save for a few bombing raids on German territory done by the British.
Conclusion: Both nations’ civilian populations suffered greatly as a result of WW1, but this suffering took very different forms. Whereas Germany faced shortages and famine, the French saw the wholesale destruction of their country.
I think you have some really great detail and statistics to back up your thoughts. I especially liked your clear-cut claim statements/ thesis as they made your outline very easily to follow. My suggestion would be to put your similarities paragraph before or after your comparison paragraphs. I think that this would allow you to compare both countries in each paragraph rather than two separate paragraphs, ensuring that your reader is left with no doubt about what the differences are. Putting these two comparison paragraphs together would really help you to transition into your next topic. Great job!
DeleteLars Romine
DeleteYou provided a lot of really good details and specific information about your topic which made it a very interesting read. The only recommendation that I would have is expanding the differences in paragraph 2 between France and Germany as a result of mobilization and highlighting the different effects that mobilization had on the 2 countries.
Brief overview of points to later discuss
ReplyDeleteCOUNTRY1: Africa
Before
-British rule (Britain established educational facilities, boosted industrialization, but overall didn't improve the way of life, partially due to the increase of population that followed).
-Racial inequality led to India not being able to speak against their suppression for a long time (as educated numbers grew, so did a disdain for the british rule)
-By 1907 the radicals of India were calling for complete independence
During
-sent troops to fight for Britain. Fought out of the intrest of withholding an independent state.
COUNTRY2: Australia
Before
-British rule (Britain used the content as a place to relocate convicts. Idea was that the people needed to both be punished, and not a financial burden for the greater state)
-Steady stream of migrants(issue arose of finding an export for Australia to be useful). 1851 gold discovered-boosted modernization-caused top four colonies to establish legislature-improved education-all of which boosted desire for independence
-Common wealth immigration restriction act of 1901→counteract native peoples from tainting British culture and power. Closed immigration to asians, establishing the "white australia policy".
During
-Australia still held a loyalty to Britain, and sent over 329,000 men and women to fight in ww1 for Britain: this caused division amongst the larger populous of Autralians, maily between the Irish and Roman Catholic populations
Intro: Bring up both India and Australia as being ruled by Britain, then becoming independent, then briefly their involvement in the war. End with describing their were major differences though
Pagraph1:Compare India and Australia as both being under British rule, and how a weakening power of Britain, and education of their people, allowed for independence to form. How both countries were brought up by Britain industrially, and then used that to separate from them.
Paragraph 2:Contrast the details of them both, where the spark for independence came from, education vs industrialization. A still loyal larger population of Australia sent over 329,000 troops, whilst also causing much internal device. India too sent troops to fight for Britain, but much less, for they held a lower loyalty to them.
Paragraph 3:(in the bounds of civil populations) conclude by talking about the broader overall similarities, but then the details in between that caused very different internal structures and devices.
Africa is NOT a country! That being said, I think you've presented a really unique perspective on WW1. Africa and Australia are often intensely overlooked in WW1 discussion, and I really enjoyed reading about the civilian lives in these far off places. I also think you should narrow your scope. You mentioned India despite it not being a part of the discussion.
DeleteIntro:
ReplyDeleteFrance and Russia entered the Franco-Russian Alliance in 1894 in order to attempt to deter Germany from declaring war by creating the threat of a two front war.
Germany planned a two front war against France and Russia with a strategy of invading France first.
Paragraph 1: Russia
Dramatic increase in national debt and food and fuel supplies became scare
There was an increase in strikes among peasants and the low paid factory workers
Peasants wanted land reforms
Sales in crops and produce fell greatly due to rationing and price fixing both that were attempts to fix the food shortage
There was elite distrust among the population of the higher ups decision making
Lacked the industrial economy it needed
Political crisis and discontent -Russian Revolution
Conscription age was 21 years old and only workers and peasants were seen as worthy to be a part of combat units
Higher civilian cost, with higher number of civilian deaths in the war
Paragraph 2: France
Many welcomed the war as they saw it as a way to avenge France’s humiliating defeat and territory loss to Germany due to the Franco-Prussian War.
10 percent of Eastern France was occuped by the German army during the war where some civilians were put into forced labor and valuables as well as food were seized by the German army.
French massively mobilized and conscripted men 20 and older for the war
Disruption in civilian population’s homes leading to refugees
Less civilian deaths than that in Russia during the war
Paragraph 3: France & Russia
Women took up jobs that had been predominantly male in heavy industry and in general as conscription created an unprecedented demand for them to join the workforce
Both civilian populations experienced severe inflation with Russia experiencing it as well as national debt and in France the franc lost over half of its value compared to the British pound
Conclusion:
Both civilian populations experienced great affects from the war
Difference in political structure and how it affected the nation’s civilians during WW1
Daniel Lamey
DeleteCommendation: Your outline has many good points covering how the lives of civilians were affected by the way in each country. Recommendation: Your intro/thesis doesn't mention anything about the points you cover. You might have too many points to cover in a situation where there is very limited time to write.
Hannah Vogel
ReplyDeleteFrance and Russia entered an Alliance in 1894 in order to create the threat of a two-front war and deter Germany from entering.
France (specifically German occupation):
Requisition of buildings for German military administration, hospitals, and lodgings. Other buildings were destroyed. Huge amounts of household items were also requisitioned, including almost all metals, rubbers, wires, and wool.
Movement of troops in towns close to the front happened in such a constant way that the density of troops was at many times greater than the density of civilians.
Malnutrition
The majority of all wheat and potato crops and eggs and cattle were seized
Threat of famine in 1914 → prompted authorities to seek aid from neutral countries.
Malnourishment gave rise to typhoid, bacillary dysentery, increased tuberculosis deaths, and general higher mortality, while the birth rate collapsed)
There were executions for alleged resistance, roughly 10,000 citizens were deported to Germany (in order to use their homes as lodgings for soldiers)
There was forced labor on men, women, and children from the age of 9
Russia:
Industry and agriculture struggled to keep up with the war, pre-existing food shortages got worse, economy was still developing and struggled for it
Number and intensity of industrial strikes was reaching high levels, there was a great general strike in in 1914
Troops were not adequately prepared or supplied
Conscription of millions of men produced a labor shortage on peasant landholdings and a resultant decline in food production.
World War I placed Russia’s already inadequate transportation system under more strain
The Russian Revolution occurred in 1917 while the war was still happening
You are obviously very knowledgeable about the situation in France and have a lot of detailed talking points for both countries. However, your outline doesn't have a very clear argument and I would draw more obvious comparisons between the 2 countries
DeleteYou have a lot of good information that’s very detailed about France and Russia to work with. I would suggest adding a main argument and showing the similarities and differences between the two countries instead of just differences.
DeleteTaryn F.
ReplyDeleteCompare and contrast the impact of the First World War on the civilian populations in two countries up to 1918
France:
2 million displaced from country by French and German Military
Healthcare was diminished, as Germans took over hospitals
Supplies from factories were taken by German Army, and empty factories were destroyed by the end of the war
Forced labor for men, women, and children 9+
Civilians evacuated so German soldiers had places to live
United Kingdom (Britain):
Extreme food shortage and hoarding
Hatred towards Germany
About 600,000 civilian casualties in each country
Patriotic environment against Germany (intense nationalism)
Unemployment crisis
Health rapidly declined, and disease related deaths increased
Decrease in civilian rights and freedom
Both:
Britain was a major importer and exporter, and lost access to a lot of imports from central powers
More food was available than in france
Major worker shortage due to war recruitment
Transition from market-driven to command economy
Alcohol dilution
Rent control
Extreme air raids killed civilians
Agricultural decline
Compare and contrast the impact of the First World War on the civilian populations in two countries up to 1918.
ReplyDeleteIntro
WW1 was one of the most deadly conflicts in history and involved the development of newer, deadlier technology, leading to a greater loss of life. At the start, both sides expected a quick end to the war and were unprepared for its development into a drawn out conflict that became more about outlasting the enemy.
For Germany and Russia, this resulted in hardship for their civilian populations and was compounded by preexisting political conflict.
1: Germany
Lots of deaths- heavy loss of population/workforce
Strain on economy, homefront suffering/losing morale
British blockades leading to starvation
Compounded by harsh winter
Heavy political conflict surrounding the continuation of the war, some wanting to surrender, others blaming them for Germany losing
2: Russia
Tsarist Russia rapidly losing favor, conflict=country unprepared for conflict
Distrust towards the government already present, military failures made it worse
Tsarist Russia dismantled in 1917 following conflict and political instability
Suffering economically
High civilian casualties and loss of workforce
Increasing discontent from working class
3: Compare/contrast
Political conflict
More based on war in Germany
Only compounded by war in Russia-class conflict and anti-tsarist conflict
Lack of resources
Germany worsened by British blockades and harsh winter
Russian infrastructure technologically underdeveloped
Civilian casualties
Germany: ~7 mil casualties
Russia: ~3 mil casualties, compounded by military incompetence
Similar effects
Conclusion
Both Germany and Russia experienced hardship due to high civilian casualties, lack of resources, and political discontent.
Both countries had pre existing conflicts that compounded the negative effects of the war leading up to 1918.
I really like your thesis statement. I think it takes an interesting look at the build-up to WW1 and the ways in which the civilian issues of pre-war Europe were exacerbated by conflict. However, your piece seems a bit too heavy on comparison and rather lacking in contrast. Perhaps you could analyze the differences in the fundamental issues in German and Russian institution.
DeleteNoura Ali Abid
ReplyDelete26. Compare and contrast the impact of the First World War on the civilian populations in two countries up to 1918.
Intro:
There were many food shortages as agriculture was highly affected by war demands and blockades that were a place which restricted imports/trading
Lead to malnutrition and disease
A high employment rate was seen among women and many countries reworked their monarchies as they needed or because they collapsed
More specifically focusing on U.S. and Germany
The U.S.
Women received the right to vote
A rise of systematic oppression amongst other races
Outbreaks of violence among groups
“Questionable” alliance with the united states
High impact on U.S. politics, culture, and society
The outcome of a distorted view of consumer culture in the U.S. as well as what the political democracy in the U.S. looked like.
High usage of propaganda
Germany
Many present blockades prevented imports of food from coming in
Lead to famine and malnutrition
Many people within Germany were sent off to fight in the war as both skilled and unskilled men were needed to fight
Began a bombing campaign to instill fear in britain civilians
The bombing was fairly popular but did not work to a high extent
Air raids were used on Britain
Conclusion:
There was widespread starvation in any countries
A lot of new people were needed to fight such as unskilled men and women were put into the working force
Each country had a different game plan to combat the things going on
I like the organization of your outline and I think you do a great job of being concise while also implying a more in depth investigation. My only critique would be that women didn't technically get the right to vote until 1919 which is outside of the bounds of the question. If you phrased it like "Women were fighting for the right to vote" it would better suit the time constraints of the question.
DeleteNoura, your outline was set up very well. I also chose Germany and US as the places I compared. I found it interesting that you included the outbreak of violence in the US among groups. I did not include that in my and I think that is an important point to include. I am wondering what you mean by "“Questionable” alliance with the united states", was the it a miss type? If not I would love an explanation into what this means.
DeleteThesis: World War l greatly impacted the civilian populations of both France and Germany, but France was more greatly affected in a wider range of factors.
ReplyDeleteParagraph 1 (France):
- More civilian casualties due to the fact that the Germans invaded France, destroying anything and killing any civilian in their way. There were 600,000 civilians killed during the war.
- More battles were fought on French land along with bomb raids, causing massive destruction to cities, farm land, and homes of civilians, causing massive displacement of people from their homes.
- Some citizens were put into labor camps under the control of German soldiers
Paragraph 2 (Germany):
- The only damages to the land of Germany were a few bomb raids, unlike France
- Faced massive shortages of weapons and military materials, food, and medicine due to blockades by the British
- Their production focuses shifted from civilian necessities to military needs, adding to the growing shortages in Germany
Paragraph 3 France and Germany:
- France was backed by the US, so food shortages were not as big of a problem for France as they were for Germany
- There were more casualties of the French civilians than German due to there being little to no major battles in Germany
- France saw more destructing of their country due to Germany invasion and battles fought in all areas of its country causing massive French civilian displacement
Conclusion:
While there was major loss of both sides during World War l, France was more affected when talking about civilians than Germany.
Daniel Lamey
ReplyDeleteCompare and contrast the impact of the First World War on the civilian populations in two countries up to 1918.
Intro
Give brief background info and context of the question.
Big connecting similarities (economic problems, Suffering of the civilians).
Big differences (France - the role of women in society VS Russia - Political Crisis).
Compare
Economic Effects:
- France →The loss of manpower for production and also the wreck of agricultural land brought an increased need for imports from the other countries.
- Russia →By mid-1916, two years of war had decimated the Russian economy. It triggered downturns in agrarian production, triggered problems in the transportation network, fuelled currency inflation and created critical food and fuel shortages in the cities.
Contrast / France
The role of women in society: While the men were away at war, the role of women in society shifted from being housewives to being workers. Women also joined the army and performed the same jobs as soldiers.
Contrast / Russia
Political crisis: Dissatisfaction among country and city peasants, threatening Bolshevik operations. This dissatisfaction presented itself with strikes and insurrections.
Conclusion
Big differences and big similarities between the effects civilians faced in France and Russia because of ww1.
You have a really good structure for your outline with detailed information about all of your points, which is great. My suggestion would be to show the role of women in society also in Russia and how the political crisis in Russia differed from France’s political situation.
DeleteDan Lamey My Response:
DeleteLooking back, next time I would try to add more details about specific events to my outline. This would make writing the essay much easier because I would not have to think of specific events during writing, instead I could just "go". That would be my main change because an outline should make the writing process much easier.
Intro:
ReplyDelete-Brief summary points of impact on russia
-Brief summary points of impact on britain
-Discuss command term
Paragraph #1 Russia (Differences):
-unwillingness by peasant population to sell grain in wartime
-change in power
-rural to more industrial
-induced start of the revolution
-increased police involvement
-government lacked stability
-increase in strike frequency
Paragraph #2 Britain (Differences):
-supply chain interruptions caused food shortage
-increased industrialization (smaller impact on civilian life than in russia)
-lost access to imports and exports
-decreased agricultural productivity
-severely increased cost of living
Paragraph #3: Comparisons
-focus primarily on command term
-famine/ food shortage
-inflation/price boom
-altered gender expectations, women had a larger presence in the workforce
-began conscription (more severe in russia)
-large civilian casualties
-increased nationalism
Conclusion:
-Complete command term
-Similarities in impact difference in severity
Deanna Sokol
ReplyDeleteCompare and contrast the impact of the First World War on the civilian populations in two countries up to 1918.
Intro:
Summary of the general impacts of WWI
Enormous amount of lives lost
Destruction of empires
Thesis: How did the First World War impact civilian populations in Germany and Britian.
Body Paragraph 1: Germany
Most of the lives lost were soldiers
Civilian deaths too
Famine and malnutrition
Lack of cattle feed
Baked good shortages
Britain’s naval blockade restricted food that reached Germany
Starvation
Forced resettlement
Epidemic
Bombings
Economic suffering
Jobs
Money spent on war
Body Paragraph 2: Britain
Soldier and civilian lives lost
Air raids - fear and panic
Lack of shelter system
State control over civilian lives
Defense of the Realm Act
Reduction in pub opening hours - reduce drunkenness
Propaganda
Join the war
Wartime deprivations and restrictions
Economic suffering
Food shortages
Less agriculture
Decrease in production
Increase in price
Uneven distribution of food
Long lines
Rationing (1917)
Body Paragraph 3: Compare and contrast
Economic suffering affected civilians in both countries
Germany’s economic state was worse coming out of the war
Food shortages
British people struggled to get food: Germans starved
Loss of lives greatly affected both
Both countries used air raids
Different government control over civilian lives
No forced resettlement in Britain
Conclusion
Restate thesis: Impact of the First World War on the civilian populations in Germany and Britain
Both experienced hardship
Differences in the effect of war on people
Rivers Hylton
DeleteThere is a lot of really good information here but honestly a lot of it can be consolidated into different topics, like combining food shortages with baked good shortages and lack of cattle feed.
LUKE DuMoulin
ReplyDeleteThesis:
Although every country was deeply affected by the first world war, different countries felt the effects in different manners. Both the UK and Germany were heavily affected by the war although each had differences that are there as well
Paragraph 1
Comparing
Shortages of food between both countries- queues becoming common\
Strikes throughout both countries- for food and ending the war
Dying due to airstrikes
Worker shortages
Women getting more rights
Paragraph 2
Contrasting
German policies didn’t help fix the economy as much
Although both had airstrikes Britain had to deal with them a lot more
British had more civilian deaths
Conclusion
Sum up what I have discussed before
Your similarities are very in line with what is likely sought by the IB graders; I like what you talk about with the airstrikes and the continuity with your second and third points. Your contrasts were less in quantity, but I still feel like you had that continuity that would make for a strong essay.
DeleteFor your introduction, I think you can strengthen your thesis by making specific links to your main arguments and really go into detail about how the war was linked to the two countries you are discussing.
Katherine McGarrity
ReplyDeleteCompare and contrast the impact of the First World War on the civilian populations in two countries up to 1918.
Intro:
Civilians in both Russia and Britain were impacted by WWI, but the Russian population suffered more.
Paragraph 1:
Widespread famine spread throughout Russia led to food shortages
Conscription; every man who could fight was in the war along with a lot of women to boost morale
Small population left behind
Revolution, in 1917, was during the war
Women played a big role
Economy was crippled due to an increase in inflation
Paragraph 2:
British civilians worried about German air raids
Mass food shortages
Learned to ration
Economy was crippled due to an increase in inflation
Women were now a part of the workforce (ie they built machinery, became doctors and nurses, etc)
Compare/Contrast:
Both had to deal with famine and food shortages
Both had crippling economies
Russia had a smaller population as they were sending many many people to war and was fighting one internally as well
Britain learned how to ration their food but had to deal with air raids
Conclusion:
Both countries suffered a lot during the war, but Russia suffered worse as they lost more people due to having an internal conflict as well as the World War, and couldn’t deal with the loss of food.
I think the way you structured this is excellent. I like that you have specific details about the same topic in both countries; ie. you talked about the role of women in both countries, you talked about the economy in both countries, etc. If I had to offer a suggestion, I'd say to expand on how women played a big role in Russia (p. 1) or why there were mass food shortages in Britain (p. 2), but those are relatively minimal criticisms. Nice job!
DeleteMcKenzie Pullar
ReplyDelete26. Compare and contrast the impact of the First World War on the civilian populations in two countries up to 1918.
Russia and Germany
Intro:
The war had a large impact on not only individual countries' economies and structure, but also heavily impacted the civilian populations.
In both Russia and Germany hardships were faced by the populations as a result of the ongoing war.
The German civilians faced more hardships due to the raging war than civilians of Russia
Paragraph 1: Germany
The war required the use of mass resources, which took away necessities from civilians such as food and raw materials. This food shortage caused many deeping issues within the population's morale.
The need for resources caused many to use drastic measures such as using needed resources for other activities (killing milk cows for food, rather than using them to provide milk)
As resources depleted people turned to other alternatives, that caused them to ingest harmful substances in order to try and provide for themselves and their families
As the war rang out, people were outraged and caused them to revolt in the streets to try and enact change.
Due to the excessive need for war, many civilians were forced out onto the battlefront causing a large quantity of the German population to have to fight in the war which induced hardships amongst families.
The war had a heavy impact on the economy, causing the wealth disparity to deepen as poorer people were left with almost nothing
Paragraph 2: Russia
The raging war impacted over half of the population
Many soldiers were unable to make it through the war which caused many hardships on their families
The civilians faced most of the backlash of the war, which their cities being heavily impacted
The population faced the struggle of keeping all the civilians fed, so famine rang out. This caused over 6 million deaths amongst the people.
With the raging war, it was difficult to stay healthy so many were impacted by the spreading diseases such as the spanish flu that killed many.
The Russian Revolution took place while the World War was occuring which caused more panic and fear amongst civilians.
The governmental system was facing heavy backlash, and the people struggled to find a power to follow and look up to
Paragraph 3: Similarities between Germany and Russia
Famine affected both countries heavily as they each had a lack of resources coming in to support the people. Famine caused many deaths and civilians had to resort to other, damaging alternatives to food
The war required power in numbers which caused mass mobilization in both countries. Many people were forced to join the war, causing hardships on their families and inducing more death on the population
The German public faced more detrimental numbers due to the war, with a higher loss in population due to the heavy effects of the war
Conclusion:
The two countries both battled strong as they were facing not only the war but also their own hardships within their countries
The civilian life was impacted by the government, mobilization, famine, etc.
German civilians faced more hardships than Russian civilians.
Kenzie, I enjoy how organized your outline is while still giving detailed information! I think the way you formatted your outline to focus on each country individually and then having a 3rd paragraph that showed the similarities was very efficent. My only suggestion is that you could elaborate more specifically on why Germany faced more detrimental loss, but overall your outline was really great at imforming me on what you will write about!
DeleteYour outline is very concise -- formatting is easy to follow. I believe that if you added more descriptive main "impacts" into the outline for the actual paper you will be able to make a great essay about it
DeleteIntroduction
ReplyDeleteOverview of countries being discussed Britain (an ally power), and Belgium
Very brief overview of important connections (role of women, conscription, propaganda)
Britain
Shortage of food, many starved
Food and other supplies were being hoarded by anxious shoppers. Despite the food scarcity, the government didn't step in until 1916. Rationing of food was started. The purchase of extra food and supplies by the populace was prohibited. A national sugar rationing was also implemented in January 1918. More than one pound of sugar could not be purchased weekly. Butter, margarine, beef, tea, and bacon were among the additional items.
Attacked by air raids, seen as fair game for bombing, nowhere for citizens to hide 1,400 killed and more than 3,400 injured.
Anti-German riots
Propaganda
By the end of WWI, almost 1 in 4 men in Britain had joined the military, totaling 2.67 million as volunteers, and 2.77 million as conscripts.
People lived in fear due to so many close to them gone away,
Role of women:
Women began to work ‘men jobs’ such as railway guards and ticket collectors, buses and tram conductors, postal workers, police officers, firefighters and as bank tellers and clerks
Their wages were lower than men’s.
Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC)
Belgium
Occupied by Germany for almost all of WWI
Food scarcity
Due to German control of their country, about 1.5 million Belgians were displaced, with poor refugees running away in all directions. Another 300,000 traveled to France, while 200,000 ended up in Britain. Nearly a million people, by far the most, escaped to the Netherlands, albeit they did not always have it easy. During the course of the war, the German troops built a 200 km long electrified barrier that the Dutch referred to as the Dodendraad and that killed some 3,000 people who tried to flee.
Approximately half of the 120,000 Belgian citizens (of both sexes) who were compelled to labor during the war were deported to Germany to work in prison factories and camps, while the other half were assigned to work close to the front lines.
Role of women:
distortion of the sex ratio was much less marked in Belgian society than in countries with a high mobilization rate.
Most Belgian women were motivated by the need for nutrition to survive. A lot of people joined nonprofits. Some people took part in civil resistance. Both exiled women and women in the unoccupied zone were asked to help with the army's necessities, provide for the injured, and aid refugees.
The Patriotic Union of Belgian Women (integrated within the CNSA) coordinated women’s work in three areas: domestic services, production of clothing, and lace making.
Conclusion
Ensure an understanding in the differences and similarities and differences
Holly Burns
ReplyDeleteIntro: The First World War
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia got involved to defend Serbia.
Germany, seeing Russia mobilizing, declared war on Russia.
France was then drawn in against Germany and Austria-Hungary.
Germany attacked France through Belgium pulling Britain into war
Body 1: Germany
Starvation
Agriculture and distribution suffered from strains imposed by war demands, and naval blockades reduced imports
Food rationing
Women took over for men in industry
Business owners changed or adjusted their products to support the war
German immigrants in the US suffered harassment, internment, lynchings - and even the humiliation of being tarred and feathered.
Body 2: Serbia
The Surdulica massacre was the mass murder of Serbian men by Bulgarian occupational authorities in the southern Serbian town of Surdulica (1916-1917)
Rising prices / rough financial stability
The Serbian government supported a large community of refugees in Greece, Tunisia, Italy, France, Switzerland and Great Britain, and helped its own POWs through the International Red Cross
Body 3: The Contrast
Germany invaded / declared war on Serbia
Not many differences
Both have starvation / economic collapse
Kingdom of Serbia was superseded by the proclamation of a new 'Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes' incorporating Serbia, Montenegro and most of the so-called 'South Slav' territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Germany remained its own country
Serbia bore the greatest responsibility for the outbreak of WW1.
Serbian nationalism and expansionism were profoundly disruptive forces and Serbian backing for the Black Hand terrorists was extraordinarily irresponsible.
McKenzie Pullar
DeleteI liked the way you structured your outline, you provided good detail and time frames to help lay out your thoughts and knowledge. Next time, I suggest adding in a conclusion paragraph to help wrap everything up.
I like your introduction a lot and I think it gives great context to your outline. I also enjoy how concise yet specific you are with your points. However, I feel like I'm missing the comparison between the two. I think your third paragraph should highlight similarities instead of differences as each previous paragraph focuses on the different and specific elements of life in each country.
DeleteRose Renner
ReplyDeleteCompare and contrast the impact of the First World War on the civilian populations in two countries up to 1918.
Countries: Austria-Hungary and Poland
Thesis/Synopsis of Answer -
Both countries were facing infringement of civil liberties by their respective governments. In Austria-Hungary, the dual-government was passing emergency legislation that was harmful to civilians. Poland was dealing with their own civil war of sorts.
Both countries had negative images of those occupying their country during the war (POW camps in Austria and compulsory work in Germany).
Both suffered economically and culturally.
Neither were strong enough to be major players in the war and generally faced strong negative effects.
Body 1 -
“Austria’s Women”
The war intensified the process of women working towards citizenship
The government called on women to become more unified and create a feeling of solidarity and “sisterhood” to combat the dividing effects of the war.
Stricter regulations of prostitutes were put in place to reduce the spread of venereal diseases that were depleting the strength of the army. This led to stronger regulations for all working women which diminished morale and for whatever reason the reduction in sexual predators and soldiers soliciting prostitutes led to a decrease in general civilian contentment.
Dual-Monarchy and “The Militarization of Society”
There were food shortages across Europe and Austria was unable to produce sugar as a result of a decrease in agricultural production.
Civilians were called upon by the government to provide specific services like transporting food, housing soldiers, and raising cattle.
Large amounts of war propaganda lead to civilians feeling much more opposed to work camps.
Emergency legislation greatly infringed on individual civil rights as the government was passing decrees and emergency orders that repealed civil rights.
Body 2 -
Polish Civil War
Polish life was greatly disrupted by the war and the shifting of the front lines.
500,000-600,000 Poles were sent to work camps in Germany.
Compulsory labor forces lead to lots of social protests and riots as the population became increasingly upset with the government and the war.
Increased poverty and unemployment rates led to even more unrest.
Revival of cultural life
Artists banded together to bring a cultural angle to the war efforts.
Despite a revival of Polish cultural life after 1915, the populace still felt exploited and unimportant. This lead to the Poles holding a lot of resentment towards the war and those occupying their country.
“To promote the Polish cause on the international level, a Polish Press Bureau was established in Switzerland. It tried to influence the media on both sides of the front line.”
Compare and Contrast
Compare
Infringement of civil liberties by their respective governments
Negative image of occupants of their countries during the war
Suffered economically and culturally
Contrast
Poland’s internal issues were exacerbated by the war
Austria-Hungary was aiming for solidarity amongst civilians whilst the Polish government was dividing the country.
Conclusion - Poland and Austria felt similar negative effects as a result of WWI. However, Poland was dealing with internal conflicts as a result while Austria-Hungary was very disjointed as a result of the dual-monarchy.
I enjoy this outline as it is very informative yet brief at the same time -- Makes me think about using more descriptors in my own outline
DeleteRivers Hylton
DeleteThere is a really good amount of information here, really good to build specific arguments about. One thing I would improve on is to make sure you touch on Polish women since there a lot on the Austria-Hungary women.
Sydney Sheldon
ReplyDeleteParagraph 1: Introduction
Thesis: The First World War led to similar mobilization and economic changes between Russia and Great Britain, but the civilian populations general sentiments differed between the two nations.
Paragraph 2: Contrast in Russia
-Deep class fracture
-Patriotism for Russia became seperate from the monarchy
-Groups formed that were anti-government, anti-war, and anti-capatilist
-Very few supported the tsarist government
-Armies mostly consisted of drafted peasants, so peasants families suffered more as they suffered more losses
Paragraph 3: Contrast in Great Britain
-Blurred class distinctions
-Lessening the gap between rich and poor
-Both young aristocratic officers and drafted peasants and unskilled workers where fighting and dying, so no part of the poulation was suffering in their losses more than another
Paragraph 4: Comparison between two countries
-Rationing
-Economy was largerly planned and regulated directly by the state
-Demand for workers
Paragraph 5: Conclusion
Different public sentiments towards the country’s monarchies or leaders effected how the war felt for the civilian population in Russia and Great Britian despite the two nations similar policy reactions to the war.
Your contrasting points are extremely well-developed and are very relevant to the topic of study. I appreciate the continuity with the income inequality/class structure point that really improves my understanding of what was happening in these countries.
DeleteYou could be more specific with your similarities (i.e. what do you mean by rationing?), but they are relevant and your second point seems well researched.
Rylee Berger
ReplyDelete26. Compare and contrast the impact of the First World War on the civilian populations in two countries up to 1918.
Introduction:
Basic overview of the effects on WWI civilian populations
Rationing
Food availability and shortages
Medicine availability and shortages
Damages on the landscape
Economy
Introduce the two populations, Germany and Britain and a brief description of the similarities and differences between the two
Paragraph 1: Similarities
Both had food and material shortages
Nationalism became stronger in both countries
Women entered the workforce more
Conscription
Both didn’t have great economies during the war
Differences:
Britain suffered aerial raids, Germany didn’t
British government had a better relationship with their government than Germany, where the elites denied any of the other millions of lower class Germans political power
Conclusion:
WWI affected the civilian populations of both Germany and Britain tremendously
Brief description of similarities
Brief description of differences
The civilian populations of Germany and Britain suffered during WWI in both similar and different ways
McKenzie Pullar
DeleteI really liked how you presented the information, it seems you know what you are talking about. I think next time you approach an outline, I would provide more information for yourself to help steer you in the right direction, I would also maybe allow a paragraph for each country's differences to allow you more room to go in depth.
Two countries selected Russia and Norway
ReplyDeleteRussia
Catastrophic consequences for the Czar
2 million Russians dead
Spurred on revolution and eventual murder of the czar
Russia did not have strong enough industry to fight war
Czar Nicholas appointed himself leader of the military
Czar Nicholas eventually reinstates the Duma
Duma creates provisional government
Nichloas abdicated from throne shortly after
Failure of provisional government causes Bolshevik uprising
Russia pulls out of war after suffering massive casualties
Morality of Russian citizens crushed
Russian military severely disorganized and lack resources
There was also a diversion of resources to support the war effort leaving the Russian citizens to starve
Austria
The Austria-Hungary alliance essentially became a tool for the Germans
The German citizens of Austria supported the war while many of the non-german citizens did not
End of war caused Hungary to split from Austria
War wrecked the economy and infrastructure of Austria and was slow to rebuild through the 1920s
The treaty of versailles also toppled the Austrian monarchy
The end of the war there was also a crop failure that caused more suffering amongst the citizens as well as effects of the spanish flu pandemic
In 1917 Emperor King Francis Joseph died and his grandnephew Charles I took the throne
Vy Phan
ReplyDeleteQuestion: Compare and contrast the impact of the First World War on the civilian populations in two countries up to 1918.
Introduction:
Lack of access to important resources (food, medicine, other materials etc)
Increased military conscription and civilian populations, major shifts in population
Comparing and contrasting Russia and England
Part 1: Russia
Following Russian Revolutions, widespread famine causing large numbers of deaths new governmental structure made life more difficult for civilians. Major food and medical shortages and rationing was largely put in place. There were large waves of conscriptions to the military within the eligible male population which lead to a decrease in population. Russia lost in 1905 in the Russo-Japanese War. The Bolsheviks were anti-war, and wanted Russia’s involvement in the war to end. National debt dramatically increased. Russian women went on strike which helped start the Russian Revolution
Part: England
Country was slower to come into war. Civilians experienced food shortages because of disrupted supply chains which led to rationing, disruption in social roles and home life. Women transferred from the textile and domestic service industries to manufacturing and farming. Many involved in the farming and factory business were conscripted or voluntarily signed up for service, so women had to fill in their spots. Refugee population also increased. Conscription was initiated in 1916. Economy took a large hit and inflation was largely present.
Part 3: Comparison
Very different societies and cultures. Both made changes that had large civilian impacts. The loss of life in Russia was larger than England’s due to more aggressive approaches to goals which lead to famine and the decrease in overall population led Russia to leave the war.
Conclusion
Both affected civilian populations in major ways and both had influences that were relatively similar. Russia had a larger scale effect than England. Overall governmental structure and civilian response affected the overall population. Russia’s war effort was less unified than England.
Scarlett Montoya
ReplyDeleteOttoman Empire
Japan
Helped diversify the country's industry
Increase exports
Japan shifted from its earlier imperialistic foreign policy line to an approach based on efforts at international cooperation and restraint from intervention in China's domestic affairs.
Increases role on the world stage
Japan gained Germany's islands north of the equator (the Marshall Islands, the Carolines, the Marianas, and the Palau Islands) and Kiautschou/Tsingtao in China.
Ottoman
mobilized a total of 2.6 million men
It lost 325,000 men and 400,000 were injured
the domination of the Middle East by Western powers such as Britain and France
The Ottoman empire broke apart leading to the modern republic of turkey
Unprepared
Compare
Following WW1 the ottoman empire broke apart. This was vastly different from Japan's as they completely gained lot after this war.
they both adopted imperialistic ambitions to contain the encroachment of European and American state(s) into their spheres of influence in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Both had centralized bureaucracy
It was good about how you compared them and how they strategized military wise. Maybe focus on the conclusion and like other aspects such as economic and social impacts and how the war itself impacted those back home.
DeleteWill Smith
ReplyDeleteGermany and Turkey's Policies on Food Rationing
Intro: Food rationing and production was affected heavily by World War 1 in many European countries. Two, in particular, were Germany and Turkey, both facing massive food shortages due to the war effort. When the war finally ended, Germany and Turkey’s policies on these food issues changed drastically as a response to it.
Turkey:
Sections of the country were only able to produce enough food to sustain themselves not everyone else
Istanbul needed help to get supplies from interior markets
Already struggled to get enough food before the war
Dramatic raise in the cost of production
Production and imports lessened while demand grew
Germany:
Dependent on local farmers to produce more food for the larger country
Lack of imports were also a vital part of the food problem
Lack of food for animals caused further decrease of livestock production
Hoarding became a large part of the food systems
Additives began to appear to stretch out lessening supplies
Comparison of policies:
Turkey intervened in markets to increase the production of foods and create an equal distribution of food supplies
Turkey started to implement rationing systems to various degrees of efficiency
Germany implemented no sell market days that restricted the sale of certain food products to specific days of the week
Germany implemented heavy rationing systems on the country
The end of the war did not end the food suffering in Germany but Turkey began to bounce back
Concluding Statements:
The war had a massive impact on the idea of foodstuffs and the conservation of them. Many places like Germany who didn’t have any food plans in place were hit a lot harder than other European countries, forcing them to create policies that were much stricter than other places like Turkey. Reforms and new plans didn’t always work as well as in other countries based on how horrible the situation was and how involved that specific country was in the war.
It was really good how you focused specifically on the topic of food and you were able to go into depth on that. Maybe widen your focus though and like touch on how the food impacted other aspects like the economy or social or something like that.
DeleteLars Romine
DeleteYou did a really good job of sectioning off points of your essay and isolating you different ideas and opinions so that they could be easily understood, I would recommend that you go into a little more detail on how the food shortages affected the war effort or homefront as well as more specifics about how these governments enforced the changes post war.
Dylan Hoover
ReplyDeleteIntro
The impact of the First World War on civilian populations varied greatly from country to country. In this response, I will compare and contrast the impact of the war on the civilian populations of Germany and the United Kingdom up to 1918.
Paragraph 1:
Germany suffered greatly during the First World War. The war effort put a significant strain on the German economy, and the country struggled to keep up with the demands of the conflict. As a result, the German population experienced significant shortages of food, fuel, and other essential goods. This led to widespread malnutrition, disease, and poverty, which in turn weakened the morale of the German people.
Paragraph 2:
The impact of the First World War on the civilian population of the United Kingdom was also significant but differed from that of Germany. The British government was able to maintain a steady supply of essential goods throughout the war, and the population did not suffer from the same shortages and deprivation as their German counterparts.
Conclusion:
In summary, while both Germany and the United Kingdom were profoundly impacted by the First World War, the nature of the impact differed significantly. Germany suffered from significant shortages and deprivation, while the United Kingdom was able to maintain a steady supply of essential goods.
Two countries that were particularly affected were Germany and France. Here is a comparison of their experiences up to 1918:
ReplyDeleteGermany:
- The economy was heavily disrupted by the war, as resources were diverted towards the military effort. As a result, the civilian population faced food shortages and inflation, which led to significant social unrest.
- The British blockade of German ports prevented many essential goods from entering the country, exacerbating the food shortages and leading to malnutrition.
- Government responded to these challenges by implementing a system of rationing and price controls, which helped to alleviate some of the worst effects of the shortages.
- The war also had a significant impact, as many men were conscripted into the army and sent to fight on the front lines. This left many families without their primary source of income.
France:
- The civilian population also experienced food shortages and inflation, as the war disrupted agricultural production and supply chains. However, the impact was less severe than in Germany, as the French economy was more diversified and less dependent on exports.
- The war had a profound psychological impact, as German forces invaded and occupied the country for much of the conflict. This led to a sense of trauma and loss
- The government implemented a range of measures to support the civilian population, including price controls, rationing, and the establishment of a national network of soup kitchens and other social services.
- The war also had a significant impact, as many women were called upon to take on new roles and responsibilities in the absence of men. This helped to spur the growth of the feminist movement and paved the way for greater gender equality in the postwar period.
Overall, while both Germany and France were affected by the war in similar ways, the scale and nature of the impact varied between the two countries. Germany faced more severe economic challenges, while France experienced greater trauma and disruption to its social and cultural fabric.
26. Compare and contrast the impact of the First World War on the civilian populations in two countries up to 1918.
ReplyDeleteFirst Paragraph:
Discuss the economic and social statuses before the war
Brief summary about the impacts on Austria-Hungary
Brief summary of the impacts on Britain
Discuss ultimate changes between the two countries
Second Paragraph: Austria-Hungary (Contrast)
Extreme governmental fall out
Population struggled with starvation and poverty
Lots of propaganda supporting government
More laws in place to keep some sort of order
Lots of losses due to many civilians being called up for war
Third Paragraph: Britain (Contrast)
Food shortages due to supply chain issues from war
Economy goes up as industrialization of war materials
Less imports and exports of goods due to localization of goods for soldiers
Less productivity in the workforce
Inflation of cost of living
Fourth Paragraph: Both (Compare)
Both struggle with food sources
Economies are having higher inflation as many workers are becoming soldiers in the war
Change in civilian expectations to keep the country working in an “okay manner”
Increased desires to end war (reasons differ)
Fifth Paragraph:
Describe the ultimate similarities yet how their differences led to the different impacts
How being on the Axis or Allies side contributed
Overall summarize each aspect of the country
How country changed
Catherine Dutmer
ReplyDeleteIntro:
Thesis: Effects of variance and commonality derived from the First World War impacted civilian populations in the United States and Germany.
Background info:
Germany fights as Axis Powers
United States enters as a part of Allies Powers
Introduction of Arguments:
Similar impacts
Differing Impacts
Implications of Contrasting and Similar Impacts
Body 1: Similar Impacts
Casualties of War impacted both countries
16 Million people died throughout war
Technological developments in both countries
Warfare tech
Tanks, airplanes etc.
Feeling of depression and PTSD and wartime stress largely impacted both the US and Germany
Shell shock
Women taking lead of the house while men at war and gained jobs in industrialism and gained independence they are unwilling to give up again
Civilian populations died as result of conflict
Body 2: Differing Impacts
German citizens class rank faded
marched to German cities to show their support for the war, feeling of excitement about the invasion of France
US citizens did not care to be involved in the war
remained neutral for a long time
Germans joined parties like the Majority Socialists
Many revolutionaries arose in this time frame
Children in America were sent to sell war bonds
American family unit and social standards are dismantled
Not as many groups are formed as in Germany during this time
Body 3: Implications
Technology made on the battlefield ridded of trench warfare
Tanks became popularized, changing warfare forever
Inventions were made in the field of medicine
The effects of war on mental health were discovered and researched for both German and American soldiers
Conc:
Restatement of the Thesis: Effects of variance and commonality derived from the First World War impacted civilian populations in the United States and Germany.
Similar effects
Different effects
Implications
So what? : The first world war impacted citizens that developed new technologies and medicines in both Germany and the United States that have changed the trajectory of war leading up to today.